نشریه پژوهش توانبخشی در پرستاری
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، تابستان 1395)

Chronic pain is a common problem that requires medical intervention and psychological management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression¡ stress and indicators of pain in women with chronic pain.
The study method was semi-empirical and the population included women with chronic pain referred to hospitals affiliated of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The study subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The instruments included chronic pain acceptance questionnaire (CPAQ)¡ pain intensity scale (PIS)¡ the short form of depression and stress scales (DASS-21)¡ and a demographic questionnaire. The experimental group was exposed to eight two-hour sessions of ACT. Follow-up was one month after the last session of treatment. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with SPSS-16 software.
The results showed a significant difference between experimental and control groups in total scores of the symptoms of pain¡ depression and stress (P The results emphasized the importance of this intervention in psychosomatic and chronic diseases and provided new horizons in clinical interventions.

Sleep disorder is one of the most important problems in elderlies and massage is one of the non-invasive techniques that can help to eliminate problems such as anxiety¡ stress¡ depression¡ pain and insomnia through reducing the muscle tension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of back massage (effleurage) on sleep quality in elderlies suffering from sleep disorders.
This quasi-experimental study was carried out by randomized clinical trial (RCT) method. The research community included all the male seniors living in Luqman nursing home of Bandar Abbas. Sampling was performed in two stages using census method and balanced randomization. Finally¡ 93 participants were chosen according to the criteria of the study and were assigned into three equal groups: control group¡ intervention group 1 and intervention group 2. Data gathering was performed by the use of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and Abbreviated Mental Status and data analysis was done by one-way ANOVA¡ Kruskal-Wallis¡ U Mann-Whitney test¡ paired t-test¡ Wilcoxson¡ co-variance analysis¡ and Bonferroni post-hoc test¡ using SPSS 17 software.
Analysis of the data showed that there were statistically significant differences in mean score in all the subscales of sleep quality¡ except for sleep disorders subscale¡ between both intervention groups and the control group (P This study confirmed the effect of Effleurage massage on sleep quality of elderlies¡ but increasing the massage duration did not result in the improvement of sleep quality. It is suggested that Effleurage massage be taught to caregivers of elderlies to be used in necessary situations as a useful¡ healthy and non-pharmacological treatment in elderly sleep disorder.

Patient transfer is one of the common nursing tasks which could protect patients from being injured and as well as nurses from adverse health issues such as musculoskeletal disorders¡ if it is carried out perfectly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of patient transfer method training to nursing staff on its implementation.
In this pre and post quasi-experimental study¡ 20 nursing personnel of Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital were participated based on purposeful sampling method. The intervention included a three-day workshop in which the theory and practice of patient transfer method was trained and followed by group and individual performance of the participants. The patient transfer method scores were calculated before and after the workshop using patient transfer assessment instrument (PTAI) and finally data was analyzed by SPSS 19 software.
Statistical analysis showed that the mean of patient transfer method increased (from 36.6 ± 16.4 to 89 ± 8.1)¡ which was statistically significant (P The results showed that the patient transfer method training from bed to wheelchair and vice versa can improve nurses’ skills. Therefore¡ training the correct (ergonomics) method which combines proper body postures and equipment can lead to better performance and prevent adverse health issues among nurses and increase patient safety as well.

Anxiety after surgery is a common mental distress that disrupts the body''s physiological function and can endanger the patient''s health. Aromatherapy is a branch of medicine that may reduce anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aromatherapy with essential oil of lemon on anxiety after orthopedic surgery.
This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial¡ performed on 82 patients with distal Radius Fracture who referred to hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2015. The patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. To measure the rate of anxiety¡ Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used. In the intervention group¡ the patients were asked to inhale the lemon essential oil smeared on a piece of cloth (three drops of oil) for 30 minutes. Patient’s anxiety before surgery¡ as well as 8 and 16 hours after the surgery were measured. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and inferential tests.
The samples were homogeneous for age¡ gender¡ education and marital status. Before the intervention¡ there was no significant difference between the intervention and control subjects¡ but after the intervention¡ the anxiety score in the intervention group in the 8 hours (P = 0.03) and 16 hours (P = 0.001) after surgery was significantly reduced compared with the control group.
Aromatherapy with essential oil of lemon can relieve anxiety after surgery in patients with fractures. This method is recommended as a complementary method to relieve anxiety in orthopedic surgeries.

Diabetes is a debilitating and common disease in elderlies¡ the prevalence of which is rapidly increasing; it becomes more severe with aging. Self-care training is the key to controlling diabetes. The aim of this study was performing self-care training program and evaluating its impact on the quality of life in elderlies with diabetes.
The sampling technique was used to study 60 participants in two groups¡ who were randomly selected by drawing samples. Data collection tools included health status and quality of life in elderlies’ questionnaire¡ as well as blood glycosylated hemoglobin tests before and after the intervention. The training program was designed in six sessions. In this study¡ methods and statistical indicators such as frequency¡ Mann-Whitney¡ chi-squared¡ t-test and paired t-test¡ and analysis of covariance were used¡ and analysis was performed by version 19 of the SPSS software.
The results showed that the quality of life in the intervention group compared with the control group significantly increased (P These studies showed that self-care training program improved and enhanced the quality of life in the elderlies with diabetes¡ and if these trainings are based on knowledge and use the teaching methods appropriate for elderlies with diabetes¡ they could pave the way for active aging.

Several studies have shown the influence of physical activity and laughter in improving mental and physical functioning. Therefore¡ the aim of current research was to investigate the efficacy of laughter therapy and physical activity on hope and meaningfulness in life among elderlies.
This was a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post- tests. The study population included elderlies in parks of zone five of Tehran city. Twenty eight elderlies were selected with regards to the criteria. They were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group received techniques of laughter therapy and physical activity for eight treatment sessions (90 minutes for each session per week). The research instruments were meaning in life index¡ Snyder’s hope scale¡ and mini-mental state examination. Statistical analyses were conducted by dependent t-test and SPSS software version 18.
There was a significantly difference in hope in life between elderlies in pre- and post-tests (P The results indicated that laughter therapy and physical activity had a significant influence on increasing hope in life amongst elderlies. Hence¡ it can be considered as a therapeutic intervention in enhancing the level of hope in elderlies.

Fatigue is the most common symptom of multiple sclerosis and the most common complaint in elderlies¡ which reduces the quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of slow stroke back massage on fatigue in elderly patients with multiple sclerosis living in Kahrizak Charity Foundation in 2014.
This was a quasi-experimental study¡ with one group before and after. The population consisted of 18 elderly male and female residents in Kahrizak Charity Foundation. Available sampling was performed based on the inclusion criteria¡ and for each individual¡ slow stroke back massage was applied for 20 minutes¡ in even days during a four-week period. Questionnaires were provided for demographic information and a questionnaire was used to assess fatigue. Fatigue was measured three times; before the intervention¡ at the end of the sixth session¡ and at the end of the twelfth session. Data Analysis was performed by SPSS version 16¡ and the statistical tests of Shapiro-Wilkes¡ repeated ANOVA and Friedman¡ Wilcoxon and Bonferroni¡ and U-Mann Whitney were used.
Of the study population¡ 55.6 % were female and 44.4% were male. The mean of age was 64.55. The mean scores of fatigue in pre- and post-tests were 50.2 and 44.3 respectively¡ and it was 40.5 at the end of the sixth session. The results of this study showed that fatigue had a significant difference before and after the intervention and slow stroke back massage was effective for reducing fatigue (P Fatigue is highly prevalent in elderly patients with multiple sclerosis. The implementation of slow stroke back massage by caregivers and nurses¡ which is a tolerable and light intervention style for the elderlies¡ can be effective in reducing their fatigue.

Religious and spiritual care is important in physical and mental health of patients and increases their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of religious-spiritual care on stress among post-surgery Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) patients in the rehabilitation center of Baghiyatollah hospital of Tehran¡ Iran on 2013.
This research was a semi-experimental study that was performed on 68 participants with coronary artery bypass graft. Participants were selected purposefully and then randomly assigned to: interventional (34) and control groups (34) Religious spiritual care-based training package on the pattern of Richards and Bergin was conducted in the intervention group. Basic data was collected by a Demographic Questionnaire and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Mean stress core before and after the intervention was measured. Analysis of data was computerized adopting the SPSS 20 package software.
The Findings of this study did not indicate a significant difference between mean stress before the intervention (P = 0.163) but showed a significant difference after the intervention (P = 0.000). After the intervention¡ a significant difference was observed between mean stress score of the interventional (P = 0.000) and control (P = 0.014) groups. Stress in the interventional group was significantly reduced while it was increased in the control group.
The results showed that applying religious-spiritual care significantly decreases the stress of patients. It has been suggested that nurses can use religious-spiritual care as a safe method in coronary artery bypass graft surgery care.